前提条件:物理机必须先安装有 python 环境,即打开命令行终端工具,执行 python -V 能正常输出 python 版本信息方可
1 2
| C:\Users\leazh>python -V Python 3.11.4
|
python 虚拟环境安装
python 虚拟环境是用于隔离 python 项目开发过程中的一种技术实现,其表现为 python 版本,库版本的不同,而导致项目兼容问题。
windows 环境安装:
打开 cmd 命令窗口,执行命令:
1 2
| pip3 install virtualenv -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple pip3 installvirtualenvwrapper-win -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple
|
环境配置:
注意:配置 python 虚拟环境的目录路径不能带有中文,否则:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
| C:\Users\leazh>mkvirtualenv env03 created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 239ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\Study\好课优选\Django\练习\环境\env03, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env03) C:\Users\leazh>deactivate 'deactivate' 不是内部或外部命令,也不是可运行的程序 或批处理文件。
(env03) C:\Users\leazh>deactivate 'deactivate' 不是内部或外部命令,也不是可运行的程序 或批处理文件。
|
windows 环境:
方式一 不自定义配置 python 虚拟环境 WORKON_HOME
的情况;
1.不自定义配置 python 虚拟环境 WORKON_HOME
的情况:
在当前用户下以当前用户身份打开 cmd 命令行工具创建 python 虚拟环境的目录会默认创建在 C:\Users\leazh\Envs
下, 且可以通过 deactivate
命令退出当前虚拟环境:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
| C:\Users\leazh>mkvirtualenv env01 C:\Users\leazh\Envs is not a directory, creating created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 315ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Users\leazh\Envs\env01, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env01) C:\Users\leazh>deactivate
C:\Users\leazh>if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONPATH (set "PYTHONPATH=" )
|
在当前用户下以管理员身份打开 cmd 命令行工具创建 python 虚拟环境的目录也会默认创建在 C:\Users\leazh\Envs
下,且可以通过 deactivate
命令退出当前虚拟环境:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
| C:\Windows\system32>mkvirtualenv env02 created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 306ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Users\leazh\Envs\env02, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env02) C:\Windows\System32>deactivate
C:\Windows\System32>if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONPATH (set "PYTHONPATH=" )
|
方式二 配置在用户环境变量下
2.假设将 python 虚拟环境变量(WORKON_HOME)路径配置在当前用户(leazhi)环境变量里面:
1
| WORKON_HOME = `D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment`
|
在当前用户下以当前用户身份打开 cmd 命令行工具创建 python 虚拟环境的目录会默认创建在 D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment
下,且可以通过 deactivate
命令退出当前虚拟环境(环境目录路径如果配有中文,将会导致的无法使用 deactivate 命令退出当前 python 虚拟环境):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
| C:\Users\leazh>mkvirtualenv env03 created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 2574ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment\env03, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env03) C:\Users\leazh>deactivate
C:\Users\leazh>if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONPATH (set "PYTHONPATH=" )
|
在当前用户下以管理员身份打开 cmd 命令行工具创建 python 虚拟环境的目录也会默认创建在 D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment
下,且可以通过 deactivate
命令退出当前虚拟环境(环境目录路径如果配有中文,将会导致的无法使用 deactivate 命令退出当前 python 虚拟环境):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
| C:\Windows\system32>mkvirtualenv env04 created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 256ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment\env04, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env04) C:\Windows\System32>deactivate
C:\Windows\System32>if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONPATH (set "PYTHONPATH=" )
|
方式三 配置在系统环境变量下
3.假设配置在系统环境里面的 python 虚拟环境:
1
| WORKON_HOME = `D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment`
|
在当用户下以当前用户身份打开 cmd 命令行工具创建 python 虚拟环境的目录会默认创建在 D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment
下,且可以通过 deactivate
命令退出当前虚拟环境(环境目录路径如果配有中文,将会导致的无法使用 deactivate 命令退出当前 python 虚拟环境):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
| (05) C:\Users\leazh>mkvirtualenv env05 created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 241ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment\env05, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env05) C:\Users\leazh>deactivate
C:\Users\leazh>if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONPATH (set "PYTHONPATH=" )
|
在当前用户下以管理员身份打开 cmd 命令行工具创建 python 虚拟环境的目录会默认创建在 D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment\env06
下,且可以通过 deactivate
命令退出当前虚拟环境(环境目录路径如果配有中文,将会导致的无法使用 deactivate 命令退出当前 python 虚拟环境):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
| C:\Windows\system32>mkvirtualenv env06 created virtual environment CPython3.11.4.final.0-64 in 244ms creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\Study\www.xiaoe-tech.com\Django\practise\environment\env06, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\leazh\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv) added seed packages: pip==23.1.2, setuptools==67.8.0, wheel==0.40.0 activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
(env06) C:\Windows\System32>deactivate
C:\Windows\System32>if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONPATH (set "PYTHONPATH=" )
|
虚拟环境管理命令
创建虚拟环境
打开 cmd 命令终端工具,执行:
1
| mkvirtualenv VIRTUALENV_NAME
|
列出所有虚拟环境:
执行命令:
进入指定虚拟环境
执行命令:
退出虚拟环境
执行命令: