系统环境

标题 版本 备注
系统版本 ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) -
内核版本 5.15.0-88-generic #98-Ubuntu SMP Mon Oct 2 15:18:56 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux -
Keepalived v2.2.8 -
Master 192.168.3.101 主节点
Backup 192.168.3.102 备节点
VIP 192.168.3.222 VIP 地址

先决条件

在 Master 和 Backup 机器上安装好 keepalived 服务（注意：无需启动服务）

关于 keepalived 的安装请参考：在 ubuntu 22.04 中，通过源码编译安装 keepalived 服务

主备配置

Master(192.168.3.101) 配置

1.编辑 keepalived 主配置文件 /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf,配置内容如下：

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$ sudo sh -c 'cat << EOF > /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
        root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from veazhi@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id veazhi101
   vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.0.111
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface enp1s0
    virtual_router_id 101
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.222
    }

    notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
EOF'

Backup(192.168.3.102) 配置

1.编辑 keepalived 主配置文件 /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf,配置内容如下：

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$ sudo sh -c 'cat << EOF > /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
      root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from veazhi@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id veazhi102
   vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.0.111
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface enp1s0
    virtual_router_id 101
    priority 99
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.222
    }

    notify_master "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
EOF'

注意事项

  • 主备机参数 router_id 要不同（唯一）；
  • 主备机参数 state 要不同，主的为 Master，备的为 Backup；
  • 主备机参数 virtual_router_id 要一致（即相同）；
  • 主备机参数 priority 要不同，主的值要大于备的值；
  • 主备机参数 interface 要根据机器网卡实际名称进行配置；
  • 主备机参数 virtual_ipaddress 要相同（即相同 VIP）；

通知脚本

1.在 Master 和 Backup 的 /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/ 目录下新建 notify.sh 文件，内容为（2 台机器上的脚本内容一样）：

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$ sudo sh -c 'cat << EOF > /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

contact="root@localhost"
                
notify() {
    local mailsubject="\$(hostname) to be \$1, vip floating"
    local mailbody="\$(date +"%F %T"): vrrp transition, \$(hostname) changed to be \$1"
    echo "\$mailbody" | mail -s "\$mailsubject" \$contact
}
                
case \$1 in
master)
    notify master   
    ;;
backup)
    notify backup   
    ;;
fault)
    notify fault    
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: \$(basename \$0) {master|backup|fault}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac
EOF'

2.赋予脚本可执行权限：

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$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh

主备测试

在启动 keepalived 服务之前，先查看下 2 台机器上的 IP 情况：

Master(192.168.3.101)

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:99:26:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.101/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe99:266d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Backup(192.168.3.102)

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2b:a8:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.102/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe2b:a8e1/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

首次启动主备

Master(192.168.3.101)

1.启动 keepalived 服务：

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$ sudo systemctl start keepalived.service

同时，动态监听系统日志输出：

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$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42566]: Starting Keepalived v2.2.8 (04/04,2023), git commit v2.2.7-154-g292b299e+
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42566]: WARNING - keepalived was built for newer Linux 5.15.143, running on Linux 5.15.0-100-generic #110-Ubuntu SMP Wed Feb 7 13:27:48 UTC 2024
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42566]: Command line: '/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived' '-D'
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42566]: Opening file '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42566]: Configuration file /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42567]: NOTICE: setting config option max_auto_priority should result in better keepalived performance
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42567]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=42568
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Script user 'keepalived_script' does not exist
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: WARNING - script '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh' is not executable for uid:gid 0:0 - disabling.
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: message repeated 2 times: [ WARNING - script '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh' is not executable for uid:gid 0:0 - disabling.]
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Assigned address 192.168.3.101 for interface enp1s0
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Assigned address fe80::5054:ff:fe99:266d for interface enp1s0
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42567]: Startup complete
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE (init)
Apr  1 23:07:53 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(  2), family(IPv4), proto(112), fd(12,13) multicast, address(224.0.0.111)]
Apr  1 23:07:56 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) Receive advertisement timeout
Apr  1 23:07:56 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Apr  1 23:07:56 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) setting VIPs.
Apr  1 23:07:56 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:07:56 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:07:56 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: message repeated 4 times: [ Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222]
Apr  1 23:08:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:08:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222

2.再次查看 IP :

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:99:26:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.101/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.3.222/32 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe99:266d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，此时的网卡下面多处了一个 IP ，即我们配置的 VIP 地址！

Backup(192.168.3.102)

1.启动 keepalived 服务：

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$ sudo systemctl start keepalived.service

同时，动态监听系统日志输出：

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$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu systemd[1]: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44316]: Starting Keepalived v2.2.8 (04/04,2023), git commit v2.2.7-154-g292b299e+
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44316]: WARNING - keepalived was built for newer Linux 5.15.143, running on Linux 5.15.0-100-generic #110-Ubuntu SMP Wed Feb 7 13:27:48 UTC 2024
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44316]: Command line: '/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived' '-D'
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44316]: Opening file '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44316]: Configuration file /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44317]: NOTICE: setting config option max_auto_priority should result in better keepalived performance
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44317]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=44318
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Script user 'keepalived_script' does not exist
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: WARNING - script '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh' is not executable for uid:gid 0:0 - disabling.
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: message repeated 2 times: [ WARNING - script '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh' is not executable for uid:gid 0:0 - disabling.]
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Assigned address 192.168.3.102 for interface enp1s0
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Assigned address fe80::5054:ff:fe2b:a8e1 for interface enp1s0
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived[44317]: Startup complete
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE (init)
Apr  1 23:08:24 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(  2), family(IPv4), proto(112), fd(12,13) multicast, address(224.0.0.111)]

2.再次查看本机网卡：

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2b:a8:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.102/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe2b:a8e1/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，此时的网卡内容并没有变动！

模拟主故障

Master(192.168.3.101)

1.停止 keepalived 服务：

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$ sudo systemctl stop keepalived.service

同时，动态监听系统日志输出：

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$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Apr  1 23:08:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: message repeated 4 times: [ Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222]
Apr  1 23:08:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42567]: Stopping
Apr  1 23:08:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Stopping LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Apr  1 23:08:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) sent 0 priority
Apr  1 23:08:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42568]: Stopped - used 0.012644 user time, 0.000000 system time
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42567]: CPU usage (self/children) user: 0.000620/0.013198 system: 0.000000/0.000000
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42567]: Stopped Keepalived v2.2.8 (04/04,2023), git commit v2.2.7-154-g292b299e+
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: keepalived.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Stopped LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.

2.再次查看本机网卡：

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:99:26:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.101/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe99:266d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，此时主上的 VIP 地址已经消失！！！！

Backup(192.168.3.102)

1.动态监控系统日志输出：

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$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Apr  1 23:08:58 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Backup received priority 0 advertisement
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Receive advertisement timeout
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) setting VIPs.
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:08:59 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: message repeated 4 times: [ Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222]
Apr  1 23:09:04 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:09:04 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:09:04 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: message repeated 4 times: [ Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222]

2.再次查看本机网卡：

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2b:a8:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.102/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.3.222/32 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe2b:a8e1/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，此时备上的网卡内容多处了 VIP 地址！！！！

模拟主恢复

Master(192.168.3.101)

1.启动 keepalived 服务：

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$ sudo systemctl start keepalived.service

同时，动态监控系统日志输出：

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$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42642]: Starting Keepalived v2.2.8 (04/04,2023), git commit v2.2.7-154-g292b299e+
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42642]: WARNING - keepalived was built for newer Linux 5.15.143, running on Linux 5.15.0-100-generic #110-Ubuntu SMP Wed Feb 7 13:27:48 UTC 2024
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42642]: Command line: '/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived' '-D'
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42642]: Opening file '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42642]: Configuration file /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42643]: NOTICE: setting config option max_auto_priority should result in better keepalived performance
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42643]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=42644
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Script user 'keepalived_script' does not exist
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: WARNING - script '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh' is not executable for uid:gid 0:0 - disabling.
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: message repeated 2 times: [ WARNING - script '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/notify.sh' is not executable for uid:gid 0:0 - disabling.]
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Assigned address 192.168.3.101 for interface enp1s0
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Assigned address fe80::5054:ff:fe99:266d for interface enp1s0
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived[42643]: Startup complete
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE (init)
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(  2), family(IPv4), proto(112), fd(12,13) multicast, address(224.0.0.111)]
Apr  1 23:50:58 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) received lower priority (99) advert from 192.168.3.102 - discarding
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: message repeated 3 times: [ (VI_1) received lower priority (99) advert from 192.168.3.102 - discarding]
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) Receive advertisement timeout
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) setting VIPs.
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: message repeated 4 times: [ Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222]
Apr  1 23:51:06 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222
Apr  1 23:51:06 vm001-ubuntu2204 Keepalived_vrrp[42644]: Sending gratuitous ARP on enp1s0 for 192.168.3.222

2.再次查看网卡：

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$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:99:26:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.101/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.3.222/32 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe99:266d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到，当主上的 keepalived 恢复后， VIP 又会主动漂移到主上！！！

Backup(192.168.3.102)

1.动态监控系统日志输出：

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$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Master received advert from 192.168.3.101 with higher priority 100, ours 99
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Apr  1 23:51:01 vm002-ubuntu Keepalived_vrrp[44318]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.

2.再次查看本机网卡：

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$ ip a
$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp1s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2b:a8:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.102/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp1s0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe2b:a8e1/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever