系统环境

标题 版本 备注
系统版本 ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) -
内核版本 5.15.0-88-generic #98-Ubuntu SMP Mon Oct 2 15:18:56 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux -
PostgreSQL v12.6 -

PostgreSQL 简介

PostgreSQL 是一款功能强大的开源对象关系数据库管理系统（ORDBMS），用于安全的存储数据，允许在处理请求时检索它们。它支持多种数据类型，包括文本、图像、声音和视频，并提供用于 C/C++、Perl、Java、Python、Ruby、Tcl 和开放数据库连接 (ODBC) 的编程接口。

PostgreSQL 的主要特点:

  • 开源: PostgreSQL 是完全开源的，这意味着它是免费的，任何人都可以查看和修改它的源代码。
  • 功能强大: PostgreSQL 支持各种高级功能，例如事务处理、完整性约束、子查询、触发器和存储过程。
  • 可扩展性: PostgreSQL 可以扩展到非常大的数据量，并支持多处理器和多核系统。
  • 可靠性: PostgreSQL 以其稳定性和可靠性著称，即使在高负载情况下也能提供可靠的服务。
  • 安全性: PostgreSQL 提供多种安全功能，例如用户身份验证、授权和加密，以保护您的数据安全。

PostgreSQL 的应用场景:

  • Web 开发: PostgreSQL 可用于为各种 Web 应用程序提供数据存储，例如电子商务、内容管理系统和社交网络。
  • 企业应用: PostgreSQL 可用于为企业应用程序提供数据存储，例如客户关系管理 (CRM)、企业资源规划 (ERP) 和供应链管理 (SCM)。
  • 数据仓库: PostgreSQL 可用于构建数据仓库，用于存储和分析大量数据。
  • 科学计算: PostgreSQL 可用于科学计算和研究，例如生物信息学、地理信息系统 (GIS) 和金融建模。

PostgreSQL 的优势:

  • 性能: PostgreSQL 的性能可与其他商业数据库相媲美，甚至在某些情况下超过它们。
  • 成本: PostgreSQL 是免费的，这意味着您可以节省数据库许可证费用。
  • 社区: PostgreSQL 拥有一个庞大而活跃的社区，可以提供支持和帮助。

PostgreSQL 的劣势:

  • 复杂性: PostgreSQL 的功能非常丰富，这可能使其对于初学者来说过于复杂。
  • 文档: PostgreSQL 的文档可能不如其他商业数据库的文档完善。

总体而言，PostgreSQL 是一款功能强大、可靠且可扩展的开源数据库管理系统，适用于各种应用场景。

以下是一些关于 PostgreSQL 的学习资源:

PostgreSQL 安装

  • 本脚本不限于仅安装 12.6 版本;
  • postgresql 版本号可以从官方给出的归档列表地址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/ 获取;
  • 该脚本可以反复执行，每执行一次就等于重新安装一次 postgresql;
  • 实现了在同一个服务器上安装不同版本的 postgresql;
  • 实现了在同一个服务器上安装同一个版本（不同端口）的多次安装;

1.在服务器的 /usr/local/sbin/ 目录下创建 PostgreSQL 安装脚本文件 pg.sh ,内容为：

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#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -eu

COLOR_R='\e[0;31m'
COLOR_G='\e[0;32m'
COLOR_Y='\e[0;33m'
COLOR_P='\e[0m'

## 确保脚本是在 root 用户下执行：
[[ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR_R}Must run as root.${COLOR_P}"; exit 1; }
# [[ $EUID != 0 ]] && echo -e "${COLOR_R}Error:current user is not root...${COLOR_P}" && exit 0

## 读取用户输入的 PostgreSQL 版本号
# read -p "$(echo -e "${COLOR_Y}请输入你要安装的 PG 版本号（注意：后面带一位小数，比如 16.2）: ${COLOR_P}")" VERSION
read -p "$(echo -e "${COLOR_Y}Please enter the version number of PostgreSQL you want to install (Note: it should have one decimal place, for example, 16.2): ${COLOR_P}")" VERSION

## 检查输入是否为空
# if [[ -z ${VERSION} ]]; then
#   echo "${COLOR_R}Invalid input, your input is empty.${COLOR_P}"
#   exit 1
# fi
[[ -z ${VERSION} ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR_R}Invalid input, your input is empty.${COLOR_P}"; exit 1; }



## 检查输入的内容是否为浮点型且带一位小数
# 定义正则表达式，表示小数点后带一位小数的模式
# pattern='^[0-9]+(\.[0-9])$'

## 使用=~运算符进行正则匹配
# if [[ ${VERSION} =~ ${pattern} ]]; then
#   echo "输入内容是小数点后带一位小数。"
# else
#   echo "输入内容不是小数点后带一位小数。"
#   exit 1
# fi
[[ "${VERSION}" =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{1,2}$ ]] || { echo -e "${COLOR_R}Invalid version${COLOR_P}"; exit 1; }
## 两位小数的：
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12 =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#no
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12.0 =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#no
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12.01 =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#ok

## 一位或两位小数的;
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12.01 =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{1,2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#ok
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12.1 =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{1,2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#ok
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12. =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{1,2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#no
#leazhi@leazhi-ubuntu2310:/data/gitlab/hexo$ [[ 12.003 =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]{1,2}$ ]] && echo ok || echo no
#no

## 定义常量
# 随机生成端口号
#let PGPORT=$RANDOM+1000
PGPORT=$(shuf -i 1024-65535 -n 1)
PGUSER=postgres
SRCDIR='/usr/local/src/'
PGHOME="/usr/local/pg_${VERSION}/${PGPORT}"
PGDATA="/data/pg_${VERSION}/${PGPORT}/pgdata"
PGPASS=$(openssl rand -base64 8)
LOGFILE="/home/${PGUSER}/pg_${VERSION}_${PGPORT}_logfile"
SERVICE_FILE="/lib/systemd/system/pg_${VERSION}_${PGPORT}.service"

# 安装依赖包
apt update && apt install -y libossp-uuid-dev libsystemd-dev libpython3.10-dev  libpq-dev libossp-uuid-dev

## 定义安装 PostgreSQL 函数
install_pg(){

  # 下载 PostgreSQL 源码
  wget -O "${SRCDIR}"/postgresql-"${VERSION}".tar.gz https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v"${VERSION}"/postgresql-"${VERSION}".tar.gz

  # 解压源码
  tar -zxf "${SRCDIR}"/postgresql-"${VERSION}".tar.gz -C "${SRCDIR}/"

  # 进入源码目录
  cd "${SRCDIR}"/postgresql-"${VERSION}"

  # 配置编译参数
  ./configure --prefix="${PGHOME}" --with-pgport="${PGPORT}" --with-python  --with-systemd   --without-readline --with-ossp-uuid   --with-libxml --with-libxslt --with-openssl

  ## 检查 configure 返回状态值！脚本顶部加了 set -eu ，所以这里可以省略
  # if [[ $(echo $?) != 0 ]]; then
  #   echo -e "${COLOR_R}This script encounters an error.${COLOR_P}"
  #   exit 2
  # fi
  # [[ $(echo $?) != 0 ]] && { echo -e "${COLOR_R}This script encounters an error.${COLOR_P}"; exit 2; }

  # 编译安装
  make -j "$(nproc)" && make install && make world -j "$(nproc)" && make install-world

  # 创建数据目录
  mkdir -p "${PGDATA}"

  # 创建 PostgreSQL 用户
  # if [[ -z "$(egrep $PGUSER /etc/passwd)" ]]; then
  #   useradd -s /bin/bash ${PGUSER} -m 
  # fi
  id -u "${PGUSER}" &>/dev/null || useradd -s /bin/bash "${PGUSER}" -m

  # 更改数据目录所有者
  chown -R "${PGUSER}.${PGUSER}" "${PGDATA}"

  # 初始化数据库
  su - ${PGUSER} -c "${PGHOME}/bin/initdb -D ${PGDATA} -E UTF8 --locale=en_US.utf8 -U ${PGUSER}"

  # 修改配置文件
  sed -i "s@#listen_addresses = 'localhost'@listen_addresses = '*'@" ${PGDATA}/postgresql.conf
  sed -i "s@#port = ${PGPORT}@port = ${PGPORT}@" ${PGDATA}/postgresql.conf

}

# 调用安装函数
install_pg

# 创建 PG 启动脚本：
cat << EOF > "${SERVICE_FILE}"
[Unit]
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=${PGUSER}
Group=${PGUSER}
Environment=PGDATA=$PGDATA
Environment=LOGFILE=${LOGFILE}
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000
#ExecStartPre=/usr/postgres-9.6/bin/postgresql96-check-db-dir ${PGDATA}
ExecStart=${PGHOME}/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -l ${LOGFILE}
ExecStop=${PGHOME}/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=${PGHOME}/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGINT
TimeoutSec=300

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 重启 PostgreSQL 服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start "pg_${VERSION}_${PGPORT}.service"

# 创建数据库用户和密码
#su - ${PGUSER} -c "${PGHOME}/bin/psql -d postgres -c \"CREATE USER ${PGUSER} WITH PASSWORD '${PGPASS}';\""

# 清理安装文件
rm -rf "${SRCDIR}/postgresql-${VERSION}" "${SRCDIR}/postgresql-${VERSION}.tar.gz"

# 清屏
clear

# 打印下 postgresql 启动状态
systemctl status "pg_${VERSION}_${PGPORT}"

# 输出登录信息
echo -e "${COLOR_G}=========================================================${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}PostgreSQL ${VERSION} 安装成功！${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}=========================================================${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}数据库用户：${PGUSER}${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}数据库密码：${PGPASS}${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}数据库端口：${PGPORT}${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}数据目录：${PGDATA}${COLOR_P}"
echo -e "${COLOR_G}=========================================================${COLOR_P}"

2.执行脚本： 

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bash pg.sh    # 也可以加 -x 参数对脚本进行调试执行： bash -x pg.sh

3.脚本执行完成后，终端返回的结果为：

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● pg_12.6_39441.service
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/pg_12.6_39441.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-03-12 08:56:09 CST; 167ms ago
    Process: 2241101 ExecStart=/usr/local/pg_12.6/39441/bin/pg_ctl start -D /data/pg_12.6/39441/pgdata -l /home/postgre>
   Main PID: 2241104 (postgres)
      Tasks: 7 (limit: 4150)
     Memory: 15.9M
        CPU: 32ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/pg_12.6_39441.service
             ├─2241104 /usr/local/pg_12.6/39441/bin/postgres -D /data/pg_12.6/39441/pgdata
             ├─2241106 "postgres: checkpointer   " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "">
             ├─2241107 "postgres: background writer   " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" >
             ├─2241108 "postgres: walwriter   " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "">
             ├─2241109 "postgres: autovacuum launcher   " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ">
             ├─2241110 "postgres: stats collector   " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "">
             └─2241111 "postgres: logical replication launcher   " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ">

Mar 12 08:56:09 iZ5ts4ir4avgeumt2dhyhmZ systemd[1]: Starting pg_12.6_39441.service...
Mar 12 08:56:09 iZ5ts4ir4avgeumt2dhyhmZ pg_ctl[2241101]: waiting for server to start.... done
Mar 12 08:56:09 iZ5ts4ir4avgeumt2dhyhmZ pg_ctl[2241101]: server started
Mar 12 08:56:09 iZ5ts4ir4avgeumt2dhyhmZ systemd[1]: Started pg_12.6_39441.service.
=========================================================
PostgreSQL 12.6 安装成功！
=========================================================
数据库用户：postgres
数据库密码：xZaDuzqQoZE=
数据库端口：39441
数据目录：/data/pg_12.6/39441/pgdata
=========================================================

报错及解决方法

configure 错：

错误一：error: library ‘ossp-uuid’ or ‘uuid’ is required for OSSP UUID

报错信息：

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configure: error: library 'ossp-uuid' or 'uuid' is required for OSSP UUID

解决方法：

安装 libossp-uuid-dev

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apt install -y libossp-uuid-dev

错误二：error: library ‘xslt’ is required for XSLT support

报错信息：

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configure: error: library 'xslt' is required for XSLT support

解决方法

安装 libxslt1-dev

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apt install -y libxslt1-dev

错误三：error: C compiler “gcc” does not support C99

注意：
这个报错信息是在同一台服务器同时编译安装 14.7 版本时出现的。而一次只编译一个就没有问题！

报错信息：

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checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
sed: can't read conftest.c: No such file or directory
unsupported
configure: error: C compiler "gcc" does not support C99

解决方法：

等其他 postgresql 编译安装进程退出后再进行编译安装即可！

make 报错

报错一：error: unknown type name ‘PG_INT64_TYPE’

注意：
这个报错信息是在同一台服务器同时编译安装 14.7 版本时出现的。而一次只编译一个就没有问题！

报错信息：

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gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wcast-function-type -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -O2 -DFRONTEND -I. -I../../src/common -I../../src/include  -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2  -DVAL_CC="\"gcc\"" -DVAL_CPPFLAGS="\"-D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2\"" -DVAL_CFLAGS="\"-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wcast-function-type -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -O2\"" -DVAL_CFLAGS_SL="\"-fPIC\"" -DVAL_LDFLAGS="\"-Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/local/pg_14.7/lib',--enable-new-dtags\"" -DVAL_LDFLAGS_EX="\"\"" -DVAL_LDFLAGS_SL="\"\"" -DVAL_LIBS="\"-lpgcommon -lpgport -lxslt -lxml2 -lssl -lcrypto -lz -lm \""  -c -o archive.o archive.c
gcc -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wcast-function-type -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -O2 -DFRONTEND -I. -I../../src/common -I../../src/include  -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2  -DVAL_CC="\"gcc\"" -DVAL_CPPFLAGS="\"-D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2\"" -DVAL_CFLAGS="\"-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wcast-function-type -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -O2\"" -DVAL_CFLAGS_SL="\"-fPIC\"" -DVAL_LDFLAGS="\"-Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/local/pg_14.7/lib',--enable-new-dtags\"" -DVAL_LDFLAGS_EX="\"\"" -DVAL_LDFLAGS_SL="\"\"" -DVAL_LIBS="\"-lpgcommon -lpgport -lxslt -lxml2 -lssl -lcrypto -lz -lm \""  -c -o base64.o base64.c
In file included from ../../src/include/c.h:49,
                 from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:25,
                 from archive.c:19:
../../src/include/postgres_ext.h:47:9: error: unknown type name ‘PG_INT64_TYPE’
   47 | typedef PG_INT64_TYPE pg_int64;
      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/c.h:49,
                 from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:25,
                 from base64.c:18:
../../src/include/postgres_ext.h:47:9: error: unknown type name ‘PG_INT64_TYPE’
   47 | typedef PG_INT64_TYPE pg_int64;
      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:25,
                 from archive.c:19:
../../src/include/c.h:507:2: error: #error must have a working 64-bit integer datatype
  507 | #error must have a working 64-bit integer datatype
      |  ^~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:25,
                 from base64.c:18:
../../src/include/c.h:507:2: error: #error must have a working 64-bit integer datatype
  507 | #error must have a working 64-bit integer datatype
      |  ^~~~~
../../src/include/c.h:1171:9: error: unknown type name ‘int64’
 1171 |         int64           force_align_i64;
      |         ^~~~~
../../src/include/c.h:1179:9: error: unknown type name ‘int64’
 1179 |         int64           force_align_i64;
      |         ^~~~~
../../src/include/c.h:1171:9: error: unknown type name ‘int64’
 1171 |         int64           force_align_i64;
      |         ^~~~~
../../src/include/c.h:1179:9: error: unknown type name ‘int64’
 1179 |         int64           force_align_i64;
      |         ^~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/c.h:1390,
                 from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:25,
                 from base64.c:18:
../../src/include/port.h:203:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  203 | extern int      pg_snprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(3, 4);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/port.h:205:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  205 | extern int      pg_sprintf(char *str, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(2, 3);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/port.h:207:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  207 | extern int      pg_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(2, 3);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/port.h:209:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  209 | extern int      pg_printf(const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(1, 2);
      | ^~~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/c.h:1390,
                 from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:25,
                 from archive.c:19:
../../src/include/port.h:203:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  203 | extern int      pg_snprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(3, 4);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/port.h:205:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  205 | extern int      pg_sprintf(char *str, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(2, 3);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/port.h:207:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  207 | extern int      pg_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(2, 3);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/port.h:209:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  209 | extern int      pg_printf(const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(1, 2);
      | ^~~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:27,
                 from base64.c:18:
../../src/include/common/fe_memutils.h:70:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
   70 | extern char *psprintf(const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(1, 2);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/common/fe_memutils.h:71:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
   71 | extern size_t pvsnprintf(char *buf, size_t len, const char *fmt, va_list args) pg_attribute_printf(3, 0);
      | ^~~~~~
In file included from ../../src/include/postgres_fe.h:27,
                 from archive.c:19:
../../src/include/common/fe_memutils.h:70:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
   70 | extern char *psprintf(const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(1, 2);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/common/fe_memutils.h:71:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
   71 | extern size_t pvsnprintf(char *buf, size_t len, const char *fmt, va_list args) pg_attribute_printf(3, 0);
      | ^~~~~~
In file included from archive.c:23:
../../src/include/lib/stringinfo.h:96:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
   96 | extern void appendStringInfo(StringInfo str, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(2, 3);
      | ^~~~~~
../../src/include/lib/stringinfo.h:107:1: warning: ‘PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE’ is an unrecognized format function type [-Wformat=]
  107 | extern int      appendStringInfoVA(StringInfo str, const char *fmt, va_list args) pg_attribute_printf(2, 0);
      | ^~~~~~
make[2]: *** [<builtin>: archive.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[2]: *** [<builtin>: base64.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/postgresql-14.7/src/common'
make[1]: *** [Makefile:42: all-common-recurse] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/postgresql-14.7/src'
make: *** [GNUmakefile:11: all-src-recurse] Error 2

解决方法：

等其他 postgresql 编译安装进程退出后再进行编译安装即可！