系统环境

标题 版本 备注
系统版本 ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) -
内核版本 5.15.0-88-generic #98-Ubuntu SMP Mon Oct 2 15:18:56 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux -
Jenkins v2.440.2 -

jenkins 简介

Jenkins 官方站点： https://www.jenkins.io/

Jenkins 是一个开源的自动化服务器，它主要用于持续集成和持续部署（CI/CD）的自动化流程。Jenkins 通过插件支持软件开发的构建、测试、部署等各个环节，可以实现项目的自动化构建、测试反馈、部署发布等工作。由于其插件丰富，Jenkins 可以轻松与各种开发、测试和部署工具集成，使得它成为了软件开发中实现持续集成和持续部署的一个流行选择。

Jenkins 的主要特点包括：

  • 开源：Jenkins 是一个开源项目，拥有庞大的社区支持和众多的插件资源。
  • 插件系统：通过安装和配置插件，可以扩展 Jenkins 的功能，以适应不同的需求和环境。
  • 易于安装和配置：Jenkins 可以通过WAR文件部署在Servlet容器中，或者通过系统特定的安装程序安装。
  • 跨平台：Jenkins 可以在任何拥有Java运行环境的操作系统上运行。
  • 支持主从架构：可以配置多个Jenkins节点，进行分布式构建和测试，提高资源利用率和处理能力。
  • 丰富的文档和社区支持：有着详细的文档和活跃的社区，便于用户学习和解决使用过程中的问题。

Jenkins 通过持续集成和持续部署，帮助团队提高软件开发的效率和质量，减少了人为错误，加快了软件交付的速度。

jenkins 安装

命令行安装

1.添加 jenkins 仓库密钥到系统：

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$ sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2023.key

2.添加 jenkins 源：

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$ sudo sh -c 'echo deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] \
    https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee \
    /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list > /dev/null'

3.安装 jenkins 所需的环境：

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$ sudo apt install -y fontconfig

4.安装 jenkins:

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$ sudo apt install -y jenkins

安装完成后， jenkins 默认会被设置为启动状态：

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$ sudo systemctl status jenkins
● jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-04-09 04:00:53 UTC; 3h 42min ago
   Main PID: 9994 (java)
      Tasks: 52 (limit: 9389)
     Memory: 1.3G
        CPU: 19.955s
     CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service
             └─9994 /usr/bin/java -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /usr/share/java/jenkins.war --web>

Apr 09 04:00:53 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9994]: 2024-04-09 04:00:53.008+0000 [id=33]        INFO     >
Apr 09 04:00:53 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9994]: 2024-04-09 04:00:53.273+0000 [id=35]        INFO     >
Apr 09 04:00:53 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9994]: 2024-04-09 04:00:53.273+0000 [id=35]        INFO

由于默认 jenkins 会将数据存放到 /var/lib/jenkins 目录里。随着 jenkins 使用的时间越长，会导致根目录使用空间会越来越小，所以在使用 jenkins 之前，我们需要将其目录自定义到一个比较大的分区下（比如我这里指向 /data/jenkins）

5.创建 jenkins 数据目录：

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$ sudo mkdir -p /data/jenkins

6.将创建的目录所属主和组都修改为 jenkins:

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$ sudo chown -R jenkins:jenkins /data/jenkins

7.编辑 jenkins 启动脚本文件 /lib/systemd/system/jenkins.serviec , 将 Environment="JENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins" 和 WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/jenkins 分别修改成 Environment="JENKINS_HOME=/data/jenkins" 和 WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/jenkins ,如下：

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$ sudo sed -i 's@/var/lib/jenkins@/var/lib/jenkins@g' /lib/systemd/system/jenkins.serviec

完整的脚本文件内容如下：

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$ sudo cat /lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service
#
# This file is managed by systemd(1). Do NOT edit this file manually!
# To override these settings, run:
#
#     systemctl edit jenkins
#
# For more information about drop-in files, see:
#
#     https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html
#

[Unit]
Description=Jenkins Continuous Integration Server
Requires=network.target
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=main
ExecStart=/usr/bin/jenkins
Restart=on-failure
SuccessExitStatus=143

# Configures the time to wait for start-up. If Jenkins does not signal start-up
# completion within the configured time, the service will be considered failed
# and will be shut down again. Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a time span
# value such as "5min 20s". Pass "infinity" to disable the timeout logic.
#TimeoutStartSec=90

# Unix account that runs the Jenkins daemon
# Be careful when you change this, as you need to update the permissions of
# $JENKINS_HOME, $JENKINS_LOG, and (if you have already run Jenkins)
# $JENKINS_WEBROOT.
User=jenkins
Group=jenkins

# Directory where Jenkins stores its configuration and workspaces
#Environment="JENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins"
Environment="JENKINS_HOME=/data/jenkins"
#WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/jenkins
WorkingDirectory=/data/jenkins

# Location of the Jenkins WAR
#Environment="JENKINS_WAR=/usr/share/java/jenkins.war"

# Location of the exploded WAR
Environment="JENKINS_WEBROOT=%C/jenkins/war"

# Location of the Jenkins log. By default, systemd-journald(8) is used.
#Environment="JENKINS_LOG=%L/jenkins/jenkins.log"

# The Java home directory. When left empty, JENKINS_JAVA_CMD and PATH are consulted.
#Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64"

# The Java executable. When left empty, JAVA_HOME and PATH are consulted.
#Environment="JENKINS_JAVA_CMD=/etc/alternatives/java"

# Arguments for the Jenkins JVM
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true"

# Unix Domain Socket to listen on for local HTTP requests. Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_UNIX_DOMAIN_PATH=/run/jenkins/jenkins.socket"

# IP address to listen on for HTTP requests.
# The default is to listen on all interfaces (0.0.0.0).
#Environment="JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS="

# Port to listen on for HTTP requests. Set to -1 to disable.
# To be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024),
# add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability to the AmbientCapabilities
# directive below.
Environment="JENKINS_PORT=8080"

# IP address to listen on for HTTPS requests. Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS="

# Port to listen on for HTTPS requests. Default is disabled.
# To be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024),
# add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability to the AmbientCapabilities
# directive below.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT=443"

# Path to the keystore in JKS format (as created by the JDK's keytool).
# Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE=/path/to/keystore.jks"

# Password to access the keystore defined in JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE.
# Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=s3cR3tPa55w0rD"

# IP address to listen on for HTTP2 requests. Default is disabled.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTP2_LISTEN_ADDRESS="

# HTTP2 port to listen on. Default is disabled.
# To be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than 1024),
# add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability to the AmbientCapabilities
# directive below.
#Environment="JENKINS_HTTP2_PORT="

# Controls which capabilities to include in the ambient capability set for the
# executed process. Takes a whitespace-separated list of capability names, e.g.
# CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_SYS_PTRACE. Ambient capability sets are
# useful if you want to execute a process as a non-privileged user but still
# want to give it some capabilities. For example, add the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
# capability to be able to listen on privileged ports (port numbers less than
# 1024).
#AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE

# Debug level for logs. The higher the value, the more verbose. 5 is INFO.
#Environment="JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL=5"

# Set to true to enable logging to /var/log/jenkins/access_log.
#Environment="JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG=false"

# Servlet context (important if you want to use reverse proxying)
#Environment="JENKINS_PREFIX=/jenkins"

# Arbitrary additional arguments to pass to Jenkins.
# Full option list: java -jar jenkins.war --help
#Environment="JENKINS_OPTS="

# Maximum core file size. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitCORE=infinity

# Maximum file size. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitFSIZE=infinity

# File descriptor limit. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitNOFILE=8192

# Maximum number of processes. If unset, the value from the OS is inherited.
#LimitNPROC=32768

# Set the umask to control the permission bits of files that Jenkins creates.
#
# 0027 makes files read-only for group and inaccessible for others, which some
# security sensitive users might consider beneficial, especially if Jenkins
# is running on a server that is used for multiple purposes. Beware that 0027
# permissions would interfere with sudo scripts that run on the controller
# (see JENKINS-25065).
#
# Note also that the particularly sensitive parts of $JENKINS_HOME (such as
# credentials) are always written without 'other' access. So the umask values
# only affect job configuration, build records, etc.
#
# If unset, the value from the OS is inherited, which is normally 0022.
# The default umask comes from pam_umask(8) and /etc/login.defs.
#UMask=0022

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

8.执行命令 systemctl daemon-reload 重载下 jenkins 启动脚本文件

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$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

9.执行命令 systemctl restart jenkins.service 重启下 jenkins:

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$ sudo systemctl restart jenkins.service

于此同时，我们要去系统日志文件 /var/log/syslog 里面查找 web 端继续安装的密码：

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Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: *************************************************************
Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: message repeated 2 times: [ *************************************************************]
Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: Jenkins initial setup is required. An admin user has been created and a password generated.
Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: Please use the following password to proceed to installation:
Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: a86bd0ec427e48bcaa02fb26120f6288
Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: This may also be found at: /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
Apr  9 03:33:00 vm002-ubuntu jenkins[9147]: *************************************************************

网页安装

1.打开浏览器，输入服务器 IP:8080 ，输入在日志文件中获取的密码，点击 Continue(确定)。如图：

2.在插件安装页面，我们直接点击默认的 Install suggested plugins 即可（如果你想自定义安装某些插件，则选择右边的 Select plugins to install 即可）。如图：

接下来，jenkins 就会在后台安装插件了，此过程比较漫长，如图：

3.插件安装完成后，进入创建管理员用户界面。根据自身需求，输入管理员账号、密码及邮箱地址。然后点击右下角的 save and Continue，如图：

4.进入 Instance Configuration 页面后，设置访问 jenkins 的 url 地址，然后点击右下角的 Save and Finish，如图：

到此，jenkins 安装完成！如下图：

5.点击上图中的 Start using Jenkins 跳转到 jenkins 首页：